September 26, 2017 Essays - Religion, Culture, Cultural Anthropology

September 26, 2017 Tuesday Diary #11 I imagine that Elizabeth holding resentment on john is the best activity. Elizabeth has a privilege to hold resentment since john had gone behind her back with Abigail. September 27, 2017 Wednesday Diary #12 The synopsis of act 2, Elizabeth delegate was being cutthroat to john delegate, john was attempting to adulate Elizabeth and afterward john was angry at whatever point Elizabeth continued questioning him. At that point Mary warren returned to the house and told the delegate that there was 39 individuals blamed for black magic. Mary warren had revealed to Elizabeth delegate that she had spared her life today, since Elizabeth was blamed for black magic. At that point Elizabeth was going ballistic on the grounds that she was apprehensive she was going to get hanged in view of black magic. Elizabeth was getting annoyed with john since he wouldn't go to the courts to reveal to them that the entirety of this was a demonstration. September 29, 2017 Friday Diary #13 Abigail is an insane, manipulative young lady. I imagine that john will win since man's promise against a lady's assertion is bound to be progressively credible at whatever point it comes to wrongdoings. John will win since he has more proof against Abigail. I think Abigail

Philippine Economy

A recap of how past Philippine republics and organizations dealt with the nation's economy since the Spanish time, including their administration of the economy. In the days wherein the Philippines was under the Spanish Republic the nation was at a decent spot in Asia. Manila and Cebu were the main European urban areas; we were probably the best nation in Asia with regards to exchanging locally and universally. Previously, we were continually exchanging with mexico sharing our way of life to them and them sharing there culture to us.The nation was at a decent spot however as the Americans said the Philippines resembled some other great yet moderate spanish colonized economy like the economies of nations in South America to be specific Mexico, Puerto Rico, Argentina and so forth. As indicated by an article â€Å"Economy during the Spanish Colonial Period. † n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. . Subsequent to being controlled under the Spanish system which went on for a long time, the Phil ippines were in another republic under the American government. Our nation once turned into a piece of America.It was one of the American States simply like Hawaii at the present time, regardless of how far they will be, they despite everything have a place with the United States. Our nation's economy before was truly siphon preparing. It was ascending back again on the grounds that Americans realized a great deal in controlling a nation's economy. They realized how to make individuals progressively gainful in every one of their day by day lives, they knew the significance of the english language to us and they realized how to make this nation moving from a decent Latin nation to a clamoring occupied city.Americans showed Filipinos how to utilize the phone that is the reason now, as should be obvious, we have PLDT, We were instructed how to communicate in english that is the reason now, as should be obvious, we are currently Asia's most serious english speakers. We were instructed h ow to utilize the TV, how to work the climate control system, how to work the clothes washer and so forth. We were so Americanized before that in the entire Asia we were the principal Asians to taste coke and that is the reason now, as should be obvious, coke has been a piece of the filipino custom like having coke and bread to your guests †a method of demonstrating Philippine Hospitality.Our nation had a ton of speculations originating from America and they manufactured a great deal of spots that could've been a significant city if they somehow managed to remain here longer like Makati, Subic, Taft, Commonwealth and Clark. Without the Americans we wouldn't have these at this moment. We ought to be thankful to them since the Philippines is developing, more call habitats, apartment suites, office spaces, retail , and business regions are growing in the spot. As per an article â€Å"The Philippines: Changes in the American Period . † n. page. Web. . While Philippines found a sense of contentment with the Americans there came the Japanese soldiers.They controlled our nation like some other nation they controlled in different pieces of Asia like Malaysia Singapore, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hong Kong and Korea, they took numerous regular assets like gold, copper and numerous different metals that would help they're nation †Japan to get rich and have a decent financial status. In the Japanese Era our nation †The Philippines, experienced on of the universes most exceedingly terrible swellings. In that time everybody was battling, endeavoring to get a decent life and applying so much exertion just to get away from the poor situation.In the Japanese time, The Philippines got poor. As indicated by Balabag, Marilyn. â€Å"The Japanese Period in the Philippines. † n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. . While the Japanese individuals were occupied with bothering Filipino ladies, Americans retaliated for us since they realized we had enough of it and we merit har mony. Astonishing the Japanese, the Japanese men were getting ready on the off chance that the circumstance will get genuine like subtly arranging the assaults, covertly making and figuring bombs, furtively fabricating air weapons and oceanic weapons as well.The Americans began it so the two nations Japan and The United Stated of America started trading bombs here and there wrecking each other's territories and properties and slaughtering each other brutally. Lastly Japan announced stops. The Philippine economy was even from a pessimistic standpoint. We were unable to get time to recuperate our nation's economy, our valuable structures were being influenced with all the bombs and rockets that officers tossed on causing a ton of harm and cash to recoup it.Japanese individuals even took billions from us and never at any point tried to pay they're obligations as of recently and to finish it off they even took gold from us like the enormous excellent brilliant sculpture called â€Å"Ya mashita† †¦What a shame†¦ and to think its probably the most extravagant nation in Asia to date. As indicated by Jess Chin, Carlos Gavino. â€Å"The Philippines-American/Japanese War. † n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. . Subsequent to being under the Spanish, American, and Japanese republic, The Philippines at long last pronounced independence.Philippines at last stood up on its own two feet. Previous President, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Administration, The Philippine Economy was slacking. A proof would be the GDP Growth where it developed for just a minuscule 1%. In the event that you would contrast Philippines with other South-East Nations, The Philippines was behind among them. Indeed, even Vietnam pursued The Philippines and nearly Cambodia express gratitude toward God Cambodia has not had the option to pursue us yet supposing that we're pursued it just goes to show The Philippines is truly Sick and not financial specialist friendly.We were somewhere around then i n her organization. As per Africa, Sonny. â€Å"Dark Legacies: The Economy under Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. † (2010): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. . In The Present organization of President Noynoy Aquino, The Philippines is indicating stunning outcomes for instance the GDP Growth. The 2010 GDP Growth in The Philippines early months were truly elevated from 6% to 7% and to 8%. We were truly in a decent spot.Reasons why the GDP developed that way was a direct result of political decision spending and in case you're curious about political decision spending, it implies that lawmakers going through such a lot of cash for advertisements and business for them for instance Manny Villar, and by the manner in which I picked Manny Villar on the grounds that as I would like to think, I think Manny Villar had the most promotions and business in the races season like the well known melody that was delivered and created for him just few knew the title we for the most part called it â€Å"Nakali go ka na ba sa dagat ng basura† so back to the subject, political race spending is essentially government officials putting they're entire cash on the ads and promotions which would equivalent to opening entryways for new openings like the representatives of the print machine getting progressively gainful, individuals will land positions for gluing they're banners, chiefs, scholars and makers gets increasingly profitable and more individuals will be paid for ability expense. Indeed, those are the most well-known occupations when there is political decision spending there are still in reality more employments that are remarkable, more employments that can assist Filipinos with supporting they're every day needs. As indicated by Edu Lopez, Chino Leyco. â€Å"GDP up by 7. 3% in 2012. † (2011): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. , Remo, Michelle. â€Å"Election Spending to support GDP. † (2009): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. . Starting at now the Philippine GDP development of 2012 in the first quarter is 6. 4%. Stunning everybody around the globe for getting the second most noteworthy position in asia just behind China.China is positioned as the most elevated in light of the interminable development of apartment suites which until now†¦stayed empty†¦ By the later years China will encounter a colossal property bubble burst which implies when all townhouses are constructed and still remained void, what might happen is that, businesspeople will fail and cash won't be circling any longer since for what reason would China despite everything fabricate numerous condos when the majority of the apartment suites are not sold at this point? Which would mean less development equivalent to less individuals will be utilized, equivalent to less individuals will get compensation which would, at long last, equivalent to cash not circling around the nation which would result to low GDP Growth even now, forecasts for China's second Quarter GDP Growth are littler than there first Quarter GDP Growth of 8%. This is one of China's large issues, they continue building foundations which at long last, it won't be used. As indicated by an article â€Å"Phl GDP up 6. 4% in Q1, most elevated development in ASEAN. † (2012): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. , Rapoza, Kenneth. China's Housing Bubble Past, And Its Future. † (2011): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. . The Philippines, starting at now, is doing great, our nation has been truly doing acceptable that the media said that sooner, the Philippines will get a FICO assessment redesign and a speculation grade. In case you're curious about FICO assessment update and venture grade, these are to some degree like identifications for nations deciphering how speculator inviting we are. On the off chance that we get a speculation update than we will get saw by financial specialists effectively and would mean the more ventures this nation will get. To make it simpler its like sticking more hashtags on an instagram photo.The more hash labels, the more individuals can without much of a stretch discover it and will have the option to like it and the more presentation your photograph will get. Presently back to the subject, Our nation, The Philippines has been getting such a great amount of news from Moody, Fitch and so on that sooner or sooner rather than later the Philippines will get a venture grade and a credit redesign rating. Which would likewise refer to a proof that The Philippine Economy is truly doing acceptable. As indicated by PH FICO score. † (2012): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. , Malinao, Alito. â€Å"S;P redesign makes PH bullish about economy. † (2012): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012. , Raquel, Nick. â€Å"PHL economy gives indications of credit blast, says Fitch. † (2012): n. page. Web. Aug. 2012.The Philippines stunned the entire world when it turned into a leaser to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) giving assistance to different nations by giving dollars to the de bilitating nations like Greece. At the point when Th

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Reasons for Working

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Reasons for Working Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice EssayThe QuestionPeople in society work inmany different settings, and for a variety of reasons. What do you think is the main reasonwhy people have jobs?to feel happier about their livesto save money for the futureto develop new skillsUse specific examples and details to support your answer.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayOnly a very narrow minded person would suggest that making money is the sole reason why people go to work each day. Personally, I believe that people find jobs to feel happier about their daily lives. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. First of all, having a job gives our life a sense of purpose, which is good for our mental health. The ob jectives of our job are something to strive for each day, and make it easy to establish both long and short term goals. Without a job, people often feel that their life lacks a sense of purpose. My own experience is a compelling example of this. In 2008, after ten years of working in a fast-paced corporate environment, I was laid off from my job. Even though I was financially secure and did not need to get another position right away I felt extremely depressed because I did not have an official job. Pursuing my hobbies was fun, but I lacked something to strive for each day. This is because at work I had always been given sales objectives and profit objectives to work towards and without those I felt depressed. Accomplishing professional goals always gave me a great sense of satisfaction. Secondly, jobs give us opportunities to meet new people on a regular basis, which can provide us with a sense of happiness. People who are unemployed interact mostly with their family and old friend s, which can sometimes be boring. When I was in high school, I worked in a local supermarket. Although the job did not give me a very high salary, I often look back on that experience with fondness; indeed, in many ways it was the best job I have ever had. I was very happy to chat with the eclectic assortment of customers who came in each day. They all came from radically different backgrounds than me, and as a result it was stimulating to learn about their lives. Even though I now work at a job that pays me a much higher wage, I do miss my low-paying supermarket job sometimes. In conclusion, I strongly believe that one of the main reasons people work is to feel better about their lives. This is because a job gives us goals to strive for, and it can also give us opportunities to make connections with interesting people. (392 words)Note:This is a sample TOEFL essay written by a native speaker. It follows ourTOEFL Writing templatesfor independent essays. If it is useful, please remem ber that we havemany more sample essaysfor you to read!

Hinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism - 1276 Words

Out of the worlds many beliefs and religions, Buddhism and Hinduism make of about 20% of them (The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050). Hinduism and Buddhism are the most influential and popular in the eastern hemisphere, mostly in and around the Asian continent. These two religions have similar ideologies. So much so that many say that Buddhism is an appendage of Hinduism. Such religions have different religious structures, which allow broader interpretations to which religion to believe in or stick to. These two religions, being from the same region, have familiar roots. One of several aspects they share is the belief in the word Dharma and the power it has to guide its followers to enlightenment. Even though the word Dharma has separate meanings for the two religions, it plays an important role in both. Although Dharma in Hinduism and Buddhism has a similar end result, which is guidance of their followers to enlightenment or salvation, the two reli gions are different because they define Dharma in different ways and have different ways of achieving it. Hinduism and Buddhism, common in origin, were both started in the Ganges culture around 500 bce (Oxtoby 434). The Ganges culture was located in the northern part of India. These two religions have other shared aspects such as symbols of importance, practices and rituals that help their followers reach salvation. Also they have similar words or phrases that have significant value such asShow MoreRelatedHinduism, Hinduism And Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 Pagesafterlife has become a controversial subject across many religions. Religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have provided a multitude of similar and different analysis behind their specific beliefs and practices. Similar to many religions practiced around the world, Hinduism portrays a great amount of belief in worshipping gods that they believe play a special role in their history. Though when speaking of Hinduism, I should mention that it does not consist of a single, dominant religion. It is aRead MoreHinduism : Buddhism And Hinduism1045 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheast Asia, particularly India, is the birthplace of many religions. India is where these two religions arose: Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient belief system derived from the lifestyle of Southeast Asia. It still has a strong presence in its place of origin and it is characterized as a family of religions. An offspring of Hinduism, Buddhism is also a family of religions, except it has less of a strong presence in its place of birth. Yet, situated to the East area of the worldRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, And Hinduism1817 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed today. Most of these religions are based off the belief in a god, or have a moral code that they need to follow in order to appease their god or achieve salvation in the afterlife. Three religions that will be highlighted here are Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. In each of these three religions, they all share some religious tenets, or beliefs, that is universally accepted amongst all religions around the world and throughout history. Some of these tenets include the belief in a god or a SupremeRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1773 Words   |  8 Pages05 Taylor Winchester Professor Warber HST 203 October 24, 2015 Buddhism vs. Hinduism According to the book, The Religion of the Hindus, Hinduism is the third oldest world religion that has approximately 300 million followers, most of which live in India. The holy language of Hinduism is the Sanskrit language. Hinduism is considered a religion versus a philosophy. There is no specific founder for Hinduism; however, it is closely related the customs and manner of Hindus, making it ratherRead MoreBuddhism and Hinduism881 Words   |  3 PagesSome awesome title I make Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the most philosophical religions around the world. Both religions stem from India before the Common Era and hold ranks as being one of the top five main religions around the world, therefore, having similar origins and philosophies. Hinduism places third as an organized religion and is much older than Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism have lasted for centuries and today is widely practiced among the world. Hinduism is considered to be monotheisticRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism976 Words   |  4 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s most influential and greatest religions. Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the awakened one (Abrams), and Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s greatest religions (Rice). Both of these religions arose in South Asia, thus they share similar culture and philosophy; however, they also contrast greatly with each other in many other aspects. By comparing the rituals of worship of the two religions it is proven that Hinduism worships variousRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, And Hinduism1173 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowing religions are: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. These religions cover up more than half of world’s people and the reason why people are conforming every day is because each and every one of them has extraordinary stories that’ll take your breath away. As much as I want to talk about the five religions listed earlier, I only want to give you a chance to gain more knowledge on Islam and Buddhism. Islam and Buddhism both have similarities and differences. You’ll know theRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism and Buddhism Park University Desmond Hutchinson RE307 â€Æ' Abstract Both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India a very different world and origin than the other main religions. What is now called Hinduism began in India around 2000 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Minorities in religion Hinduism and Buddhism are still well known and are growing in its followers from all over the world not just limited to the traditional geographical locations. Hinduism and Buddhism are different

All About Hogs and Pigs

Hogs and pigs (Suidae), also known as suids, are a group of mammals that includes domestic pigs, babirusas, pigs, warthogs, forest hogs, red river pigs, and bushpigs. There are sixteen species of hogs and pigs alive today. Hogs and pigs are stout, medium-sized mammals that have a stocky torso, an elongated  head,  short legs, and small pointed ears. Their eyes are often small and positioned high on the skull. Hogs and pigs have a distinct snout, the tip of which consists of a round cartilaginous disc (called nasal disc) with their nostrils on the end. The nasal disc is attached to muscles that enable pig to move their nose with precision as they sniff their way along the ground foraging for food. Hogs and pigs have an acute sense of smell and a well-developed sense of hearing. Hogs and pigs have four toes on each foot and are therefore classified among the even-toed hoofed mammals. Hogs and pigs walk on their middle two toes and their outside two toes are placed higher on their leg and do not come into contact with the ground when they walk. Hogs and pigs range in size from the pygmy hog (Porcula salvania)—a critically endangered pig that when full grown measures less than 12 inches tall and weighs less than 25 pounds—to the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni)—a bulky suid that grows to more than 3.5 feet tall at the shoulder and weighs in at an impressive 350 pounds or more.  Adult female hogs and pigs and juveniles form groups known as sounders. Adult males either remain solitary or form small bachelor groups. Pigs are not usually territorial and exhibit aggression between individuals during the mating season. Hogs and pigs once inhabited a native range that extended across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Humans introduced domesticated pigs, derived from the species Sus scrofa, to areas throughout the world including North America, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Fossil hogs and pigs occur in the Oligocene in Europe and Asia and in the Miocene of Africa. Diet The diet of hogs and pigs varies among the different species. Many  hogs and pigs  are omnivores but some are herbivores. In general, the diet of  hogs and pigs  includes: Plant material such as grass, leaves, and rootsInvertebrates such as insects and wormsSmall vertebrates such as frogs and mice Classification Hogs and pigs are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Even-toed hoofed mammals Hogs and pigs Hogs and pigs are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Babirusa (Babyrousa) - There are four species of babirusa alive today. Members of this group include the  golden babirusa,  Sulawesi babirusa, Togian babirusa, and  Bola Batu  babirusa. Babirusa  are noted for the long upper canine teeth that, in males, curve back over their face.Warthogs (Phacochoerus) - There are two species of warthogs alive today, the desert warthog and the common warthog. Warthogs inhabit the dry grasslands and scrublands of sub-Saharan Africa.Forest hogs (Hylochoerus) - There is one species of forest hog alive today, the giant forest hog,  Hylochoerus meinertzhageni. The giant forest hog is considered to be the largest wild member of the Suidae. The giant forest hog inhabits woodland habitats in central Africa.Bushpigs and red river hogs (Potamochoerus) - Only two living species belong to this group, the bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) and the red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus). Both species inhabit sub-Saharan Africa.Domestic and wild pigs (Sus) - There are six species of pigs alive today. Members of this group include domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa), Visayan warty pigs (Sus cebifrons), and Philippine warty pigs (Sus philippensis). References Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S.  Animal Diversity. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012. 479 p.Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S, Larson A, lAnson H, Eisenhour D.  Integrated Principles of Zoology  14th ed. Boston MA: McGraw-Hill; 2006. 910 p.

Trader Joes Free Essays

PAGE 1 1. How does Trader Joe’s design jobs for increased job satisfaction and higher performance? After reading this it makes me want to be a manager for Trader Joe’s. There making a lot of money. We will write a custom essay sample on Trader Joes or any similar topic only for you Order Now But with the workers that work for them there given a lot of benefits with all the health, dental, vision and etc. Also they’re given promotions from within philosophy because they’re privately own. Also they tell there employees to try the produce so when someone has a question about something they can take them to something that is something there thinking about or better. Trader Joe’s has designed jobs to increase job satisfaction by showing appreciation in providing more benefits to their employees than other chain grocers. They provide starting benefits including medical, dental, and vision insurance, company-paid retirement, paid vacation, and a 10% employee discount. † Traders Joes also recruits people with certain personality traits that the company wants in their stores. They are able to enrich their employees with knowledge of their products that they are selling, as well as inducing customer involvements. As a result, they are able to have higher job performance because they are able to train and nurture their employees to have the same values and philosophy as the company, as well as granting supreme employee benefits. 2. In what way does Trader Joe’s demonstrate the importance of each responsibility in the management process– planning, organizing, leading and controlling? Trader Joe’s want there employees to know everything there is to know about there produce that they are selling. They want them to be as knowledgable at what they are selling as they can be. With doing that they are giving them the incentive that if they do good they can be promoted within very fast. They want to enroll there employees in a training program through Trader Joe’s University so that it will foster them to be as necessarily loyal as they can be to the company and customers. When employees are taught what is right. It makes people want to come back because of the xperience they had while they were there. For Trader Joe’s, they are able to demonstrate the importance of each responsibility in the management process by establishing a plan to serve quality products with natural ingredients, inspiring flavors, and buying direct from the producer whenever possible,. They also organize their stores to limit its stock, carrying about 1,500 to 2,000 products compared to retail mega-markets with 25,000 to 45,000 products. Through leading, Trader Joe’s support their future leaders by hiring managers only from within the company. Future leaders enroll in training programs called, Trader Joe’s University that foster in them the loyalty necessary to run stores according to both company and customer expectations. Lastly, Trader Joe demonstrated the responsibility in controlling by placing standards to sell natural based ingredient products, as well as striving to offer the highest quality type foods. 3. Describe the methods that show Trader Joe’s knows the importance of human capital. Trader Joe’s sends there employees to a Trader Joe’s University so that they can learn everything there is about what they sell and how to treat the costumers. Since Trader Joe’s makes such an effort to acquire qualified personnel they strive to retain their employees. Trader Joe’s is aware that retaining responsible, knowledgeable, and friendly employees will be significant to the customer service they provide. 4. Explain the value chain as it pertains to Trader Joe’s. In my opinion the value chain at Trader Joe’s begins with its employees and the methods utilized by Trader Joe’s to make them good at providing excellent customer service. â€Å"Employees are encourage to taste and learn about the product† this results in employees who are able to share their experience and expertise of the products they are selling to the consumer. Creating a helpful and customer service environment, which consumers appreciate. I’m pretty sure that Trader Joe’s wants to stay here for a very long time. With every nice employee who is nice to the costumers that just makes the managers proud that they are responsible for them. 5. Research Question: What do the blogs and current news reports say? Is Trader Joe’s a management benchmark for others to follow? In what areas relevant to Organizational Behavior does the firm have an edge on the competition? How to cite Trader Joes, Essay examples

Differences between John and the Synoptic Gospels †Free Sample

Question: Discuss the differences between John and the Synoptic Gospels? Answer: Discuss the differences between John and the Synoptic Gospels. Introduction: From the very beginning of the modern era, doubts have been expressed by scholars regarding everything ranging from the authorship to the purpose of the fourth Gospel. Therefore, these doubts also include the doubts among the scholars regarding the relationship of the gospel of John with synoptic Gospels. The debate regarding this issue has been going on since long in history. Therefore the relationship of the Gospel of John with synoptic Gospels is not the problem faced by the two centuries of modern critical scholarship, but it has been experienced by Christian theologists for a much longer time (Throckmorton, Jr., 1979). While until the Second World War, it was made him believe that John was aware of and also used one or more synoptic Gospels at the time of writing his own account. However another trend contrary to the dependence theory was started by P Gartner-Smith when two shortcomings of this theory were highlighted by him. First of all the presence of continuing oral tradition at the time of writing the gospel renders the argument related with the dependence of John on Synoptic gospels less compelling. In the same way, the concentration of the critics regarding the points of agreement present among the fourth Gospel and the Synoptic Gospels and at the same time, the fact that critics have overlooked the significance of the differences that are present among them is also a shortcoming of this theory (. Filson, 1991). In this regard, it becomes important to note that there are some significant differences present between the synoptic Gospels or the first three Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke and the Gospel of John. It also needs to be rooted in this regard that the Gospel of John contains around 90% of material related with the life of Jesus that is not present in other Gospels. Therefore while all the four Gospels complement each other and all of them basically tell story regarding Jesus Christ however it cannot be denied that the Gospel of John is significantly different from the synoptic Gospels in content and tone (Miller, Ed., 1992p249). Therefore, several conspicuous differences are present between the synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. For example, one major difference between the two is related with the flow of various events in the life of Jesus. Except for a few differences that are present in their style, generally the synoptic Gospels are related with the same events in Jesus's life and ministry. All three of them focus on the period of the public ministry of Jesus in the areas of Galilee and Jerusalem as well as several areas present in between, including some miracles, major proclamations, discourses and confrontations. Although the writers of synoptic Gospels have generally arranged these events in a different order as a result of their own preferences and goals but it can be said that Matthew, Mark and Luke's books are in accordance with a similar wider script. On the other hand, the same cannot be said regarding the Gospel of John. On the other hand, it is significantly different in terms of the events described by it (Halley, 1965). Particularly, there are four major units in which the Gospel of John can be divided. These are the introduction; The Book of Signs focusing on the messianic signs of Jesus; The Book of Exaltation in which the exaggeration of Jesus with the father has been anticipated after His crucifixation and resurrection and An Epilogue in which the future ministries of Peter and John have been unfolded. In this way, the result is that while a large part of the content in synoptic Gospels is common in terms of the events that have been described by them, a large part of the content present in the Gospel of John is unique in itself. In fact, there is nearly 90 percent of the content present in the Gospel of John that is unique to it and is not present in other Gospels (Wilmington, 1997). In such a case, a question arises that hard to explain the fact that the Gospel of John does not include the same events that have been recorded by Matthew, Mark and Luke. Is it possible that John remembered something different regarding the life of Jesus or even a question can be asked that were Matthew, Mark and Luke were not correct regarding what was said and did by Jesus. However this is not the case, and in this regard it needs to be noted that John's Gospel was written nearly 20 years later than Matthew, Mark and Luke wrote their own Gospels. As a result, John decided to skim and skip some ground that was already included in synoptic Gospels. It was the desire of John to fill some gaps and also to offer new material. At the same time, much of his content is related with describing different events dealing with the Passion Week before the crucifixion of Jesus as the significance of this week is now recognized by the scholars (Douglas, Ed., 1990). Apart from the flow of events, there is also a difference between the style used by John and the style used by the authors of Synoptic Gospels. A narrative approach has been used by Matthew, Mark and Luke and they also feature geographical settings, proliferation of the dialogue and similarly, a large number of directors have been used by them. At the same time, in case of synoptic Gospels, primarily Jesus has been recorded by teaching through parables and also with the help of short bursts of proclamation. On the other hand, the Gospel of John is more introspective and protracted. The content of John's Gospel is full of long discourses, mainly from the mouth of Jesus. On the other hand, there are very few events that can be said to be "moving along the plot" and in the same way, the theological explorations are also very few (Laymon, 1991). For example, a significant chance is provided to the readers by the birth of Jesus in which we can observe the difference that is present in the style used in the synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. The story related with the birth of Jesus has been told by Matthew and Luke in a way that it is possible to reproduce it with the help of a nativity play, with costumes, characters sets and the same. Similarly, specific events have also been described by them in chronological order. But in case of the Gospel of John, there are no characters whatsoever. On the other hand, a theological proclamation has been offered by John of Jesus as the divine Word, the light shining in the darkness of the world although there are many who do not want to recognize Him. Therefore the words used by John are poetic and powerful and in the same way, the writing style of John is also entirely different as compared to the synoptic Gospels (Benware, 1990). Therefore while ultimately the Gospel of John also tells the same story as told by the synoptic Gospels, however there are certain major differences between the two regarding the approach adopted by them. In such a case, it becomes significant to explain these differences. A question can also be asked in this regard that why there are so many differences present between the written record of the life of Jesus presented by John and the other three Gospels. A number of legitimate explanations can be offered regarding the significant differences related with style and content present between the Gospel of John and the synoptic Gospels. The first such explanation which is also the simplest one is related with the dates of the recordings of these Gospels. It is believed by a large number of contemporary Bible scholars that the first gospel was written by Mark, perhaps between A.D. 55 and 59. As a result, Mark's gospel provides a comparatively fast paced portrayal of the life and ministry of Jesus. As it was mainly written for a Gentile audience, this gospel provides a brief yet powerful introduction to the story of Jesus and also its staggering implications. On the other hand, the modern scholars are not sure if the Gospel of Mark was followed by Matthew or Luke however they are sure that both of them have used the work of Mark as the foundation for their work. The result is that nearly 95% of the content present in the Gospel of Mark can be compared to the combined content that can be found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Therefore, irrespective of the fact that who wrote after Mark, it is possible that Matthew and Luke have written their Gospels sometime between late 50s and 60s AD (Shorto, 1997). In this way, we come across the fact that synoptic Gospels have been written nearly 20 or 30 years after the death and resurrection of Jesus which is only a generation. This reveals that Mark, Matthew and Luke faced the pressure due to which they have to record major events of the life of Jesus as a full generation had passed between the occurrence of those events and their recording and as a result, the eyewitness accounts and sources were also likely to grow scarce very soon. For example, this reality has been openly mention that the beginning of Luke's Gospel. Due to these reasons, it is possible that Matthew, Mark and Luke had to follow the same style and pattern and similarly the approach adopted by them was also similar. All these three Gospels were written with a view to intentionally publish the life of Jesus before it was too late and aimed at a particular audience (Smith, 1988 p1044). However the circumstances related with the John's Gospel were not the same. The account of the life of Jesus was written by John after one generation had passed since the synoptic Gospels have been written, perhaps even later. As a result, John was writing his gospel when detailed accounts regarding the life and ministry of Jesus were already present for decades and these accounts have also been copied, studied and debated for several years. As a result, while there was the pressure on Matthew, Mark and Luke two officially codified the story of Jesus, no such there was present on John to preserve the historical record of the life of Jesus because this purpose had already been fulfilled by the synoptic Gospels. The result was that John had the liberty to construct his gospel in a way that was able to reflect various needs of the culture and time (Funk, 1993). There is also another explanation for the difference that it doesn't between John's Gospel and the synoptic Gospels. This explanation is related with the purposes for which each of the Gospel has been written and also the major themes that have been explored by the writers in each Gospel. Therefore while the Gospel of Mark was mainly written with a view to communicate the story of Jesus to Gentile Christians who had not witnessed the events in the life of Jesus. As a result, the main theme in this gospel was to identify Jesus as the Son of God. It was desired by Mark revealed to the new generation of Christians that in reality, this is what the Lord and Savior of all even if He was not physically present (Funk, 1993). In the same way, the Gospel of Matthew has been written with a different purpose and it was also aimed at a different audience. Particularly, the Gospel of Matthew was primarily aimed at a Jewish audience during the first century which makes perfect sense when keeping in mind the fact that a large part of the early converts to Christianity were the Jews. Therefore among the major themes of the Gospel of Matthew is the connection that is present between Jesus and the prophecies and predictions made in being in the Old Testament regarding the Messiah. Therefore, if the purpose for Matthew was to establish that Jesus was the Messiah and He was rejected by the Jewish authorities of those days (Douglas, Ed., 1990). The same is the case with Mark's Gospel; the Gospel of Luke was also mainly intended for a Gentile audience, probably due to the reason that the author of this gospel was also a Gentile. While the major events taking place in the life of Jesus have already been explained by the Gospel of Mark to a Gentile audience, the Gospel of Luke was written with a view to provide an account of the birth, life, ministries, death and resurrection of Jesus that is accurate and reliable. Therefore while it was the intention of Mark and Matthew to collate the story of Jesus for a particular audience, Gentiles and Jews, the purpose of Luke was more apologetic. He also wanted to establish that the story of Jesus was true (Wilmington, 1997). Therefore, it can be said that the purpose of the writers of synoptic Gospels was to solidify the story of Jesus in historical and apologetic way. As the generation that was in my witness to the story of Jesus was dying off, the writers of synoptic Gospels wanted to provide credibility and lasting power to the foundation of the Church, particularly due to the reason that before the fall of Jerusalem, church was still present mainly in the shadow of Jerusalem and also under Jewish faith. On the other hand, the major purpose and themes were defending case of Gospel of John as can help in explaining the uniqueness of the text of John's Gospel. Particularly, the Gospel of John was written after the fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, John was writing for a culture where severe persecution has been experienced by the Christians not only from the Jewish authorities but also at the hands of the Roman Empire (Wilmington, 1997). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that the purpose of the writers of synoptic Gospels was to solidify the story of Jesus in historical and apologetic way. As the generation that was in my witness to the story of Jesus was dying off, the writers of synoptic Gospels wanted to provide credibility and lasting power to the foundation of the Church, particularly due to the reason that before the fall of Jerusalem, church was still present mainly in the shadow of Jerusalem and also under Jewish faith. On the other hand, the major purpose and themes were defending case of Gospel of John as can help in explaining the uniqueness of the text of John's Gospel. Particularly, the Gospel of John was written after the fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, John was writing for a culture where severe persecution has been experienced by the Christians not only from the Jewish authorities but also at the hands of the Roman Empire. References B.H. Throckmorton, Jr., 1979, "Gospel Parallels: A Synopsis of the First Three Gospels," Thomas Nelson, Nashville, TN C.M. Laymon 1991 "The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary on the Bible," Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN D.M. Smith, 1988, "John." Essay in J.L. Mays, Ed., "Harper's Bible Commentary," Harper Row, Page 1044. F.V. Filson, 1991, "The Literary Relations among the Gospels," essay in C.M. Laymon: "The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary on the Bible," Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN H.H. Halley, 1965, "Halley's Bible Handbook," Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI H.L. Wilmington, 1997, "Wilmington's Bible Handbook," Tyndale, Wheaton, IL J.D. Douglas, Gen. Ed., 1990, "New Commentary on the Whole Bible," Tyndale, Wheaton, IL P.N. Benware, 1990, "Survey of the New Testament," Moody Press, Chicago, IL Shorto, 1997, "Gospel Truth," Riverhead Books, New York, NY R.W. Funk, 1993, "The Five Gospels: The search for the authentic words of Jesus,"MacMillan, Page 10 Robert J. Miller, Ed., 1992, "The Complete Gospels", Polebridge Press, Sonoma CA, P. 249-300.